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Put these steps in the best order for reading and recording an analog scale measurement (like a buret or graduated cylinder).
  • Estimate one additional digit between tick marks and write the value with units.

  • Place your eye level with the meniscus/needle to avoid parallax.

  • Read and record all certain digits up to the smallest increment.

  • Identify the smallest scale increment (the spacing between minor tick marks).

Course
General Chemistry Foundations: Quantitative Concepts & Problem S
10 units51 lessons
Topics
Chemistry (General Chemistry)Physical Chemistry (foundations: thermochemistry/thermodynamics, equilibrium concepts)Chemical Education / Quantitative Reasoning (measurement, units, sig figs, problem-solving methods)
About this course

This course builds a quantitative foundation for general chemistry through measurement, units, dimensional analysis, and significant figures, emphasizing reliable multi-step calculation setup. Core atomic theory is developed from subatomic structure through electron configurations and periodic trends explained by effective nuclear charge. Chemical bonding and molecular structure are treated via Lewis structures, formal charge (intro), resonance (intro), VSEPR, polarity, and intermolecular forces linked to macroscopic properties. Reaction chemistry centers on balancing equations, stoichiometry, limiting reactants, and yields, then extends to gases, phase behavior, solutions and molarity-based calculations, introductory equilibrium and acid–base concepts, and thermochemistry/intro thermodynamics using calorimetry and enthalpy.